Application evaluation of cardiopulmonary exercise test to guide comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with pneumoconiosis / 环境与职业医学

Background At present, the practice of pulmonary rehabilitation for pneumoconiosis in China is in a primary stage. The basis for formulating an individualized comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation plan is still insufficient, which is one of the factors limiting the development of community-level rehabilitation work. Objective To formulate an exercise prescription based on maximum heart rate measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), conduct an individualized comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program with the exercise prescription for patients with stable pneumoconiosis, and evaluate its role in improving exercise endurance and quality of life, thus provide a basis for the application and promotion of pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods A total of 68 patients were recruited from the Occupational Disease Prevention Hospital of Jinneng Holding Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd. from April to August 2022 , and were divided into an intervention group and a control group by random number table method, with 34 cases in each group. All the pneumoconiosis patients participated in a baseline test. The control group was given routine drug treatment, while the intervention group received multidisciplinary comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation treatment on the basis of routine drug treatment, including health education, breathing training, exercise training, nutrition guidance, psychological intervention, and sleep management, whose exercise intensity was determined according to the maximum heart rate provided by CPET. The rehabilitation training lasted for 24 weeks. Patients were evaluated at registration and the end of study respectively. CPET was used to measure peak oxygen uptake per kilogram (pVO2/kg), anaerobic threshold (AT), carbon dioxide equivalent of ventilation (EqCO2), maximum metabolic equivalent (METs), and maximum work (Wmax). The modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Questionnaire (mMRC), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT), and Short Form of Health Survey (SF-36) were used to evaluate the potential effect of the comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program. Results Among the included 68 patients, 63 patients were having complete data, then 31 cases were assigned in the control group and 32 cases in the interventional group. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in pVO2/kg, AT, EqCO2, METs, or Wmax between the two groups (P>0.05). At the end of the trail, the indicators like pVO2/kg [(19.81±2.38) mL·(min·kg)−1], AT [(14.48±2.33) mL·(min·kg)−1], METs (5.64±0.69), and Wmax [(85.25±14) W] of patients in the intervention group were all higher than those [(13.90±2.37) mL·(min·kg)−1, (11.70±1.94) mL·(min kg)−1, (3.97±0.70), and (61.77±14.72) W, respectively] in the control group (P<0.001); there was no significant difference in EqCO2 between the two groups (P=0.083). Before the trial, there was no significant difference in mMRC, SAS, SDS, PSQI, or CAT scores between the two groups (P>0.05). At the end of the trail, the mMRC score (1.16±0.57), SAS score (27.93±2.12), SDS score (26.48±1.44), PSQI score (1.08±0.88), and CAT score (4.34±3.28) of patients in the intervention group were lower than those [(2.03±0.83), (35.87±6.91), (34.23±6.65), (5.37±3.03), and (13.87±7.53), respectively] in the control group (P<0.001). The SF-36 scores of bodily pain (94.13±10.72), general health (87.50±5.68), vitality (95.31±5.53), mental health (99.88±0.71), and health changes (74.22±4.42) in the intervention group were higher than those [(71.87±32.72), (65.81±15.55), (74.52±16.45), (86.97±16.56), and (29.84±13.50), respectively] in the control group (P<0.001), and no significant difference was found in social functioning and role emotional scores (P>0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation can increase the oxygen intake and exercise endurance of pneumoconiosis patients, ameliorate dyspnea symptoms, elevate psychological state and sleep quality, and improve the quality of life.

Comparison on efficiency of three artificial intelligence-based models to read pneumoconiosis chest radiographs / 环境与职业医学

Background Diagnosis of pneumoconiosis by radiologist reading chest X-ray images is affected by many factors and is prone to misdiagnosis/missed diagnosis. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence in the field of medical imaging, whether artificial intelligence can be used to read images of pneumoconiosis deserves consideration. Objective Three deep learning models for identifying presence of pneumoconiosis were constructed based on deep convolutional neural network. An optimal model was selected by comparing diagnostic efficiency of the three models. Methods Digital radiography (DR) chest images were collected between June 2017 and December 2020 from 7 hospitals and standard radiograph quality control protocol was also followed. The DR chest images with positive results were classified into the positive group, while those without pneumoconiosis were classified into the negative group. The collected chest radiographs were labeled by experts who had passed the assessment of reading radiographs,and the experts were constantly assessed for consistency in the labeling process based on an expectation-maximization algorithm. The labeled data were cleaned, archived, and preprocessed, and then were grouped into a training set and a verification set. Three deep convolutional neural network models TMNet, ResNet-50, and ResNeXt-50 were constructed and trained by ten-fold cross-validation method to obtain an optimal model. Five hundred cases of DR chest radiographs that were not included in the training set and the validation set were collected, and identified by five senior experts as the gold standard, named the test set. The accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, area under curve (AUC), and other indexes of the three models were derived after testing, and the efficiency of the three models was evaluated and compared. Results A total of 24867 DR chest radiographs of the training set and the validation set were collected in this study, including 6978 images in the positive group and 17889 images in the negative group. There were 312 cases of pulmonary abnormalities such as pneumothorax and pulmonary tuberculosis. A total of nine experts labeled the chest radiographs, the labeling consistency rate of pneumoconiosis (non-staging) was above 88%, and the labeling consistency rate of pneumoconiosis staging ranged from 84.68% to 93.66%. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of TMNet were 95.20%, 99.66%, 88.61%, and 0.987, respectively. The indicators of ResNeXt were 87.00%, 89.93%, 82.67%, and 0.911, respectively. Those of ResNet were 84.00%, 85.91%, 81.19%, and 0.912, respectively. All these indexes of TMNet were higher than those of ResNeXt-50 and ResNet-50 models. The AUC differences between TMNet and the other two models were both statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion All the three convolutional neural network models can effectively diagnose the presence of pneumoconiosis, among which TMNet provides the best efficiency.

Changes of cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus of vascular dementia rats after neural stem cell transplantation / 中国组织工程研究

each group were sacrificed, respectively. Distributions of BrdU positive cels and ChAT positive cels were detected by S-P immunohistochemical method. The learning and memory abilities of rats were detected by Morris water maze system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:BrdU positive cels were mainly distributed in the cortex and hippocampus, especialy around the blood vessels, and there was the presence of focal aggregation. A smal amount of BrdU positive cels were observed in the basal ganglia and thalamus as wel as in the ependyma. BrdU positive cels were counted at different time after operation. The number of BrdU positive cels decreased with time, and only a smal number of BrdU positive cels were observed at 60 days after transplantation. The number of ChAT positive cels at different time after transplantation was ranked as folows: neural stem cel transplantation group > model group > sham operated group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the time for searching the platform was significantly lower in the neural stem transplantation group and sham operated group, but the number of crossing the platform was significantly higher in the neural stem cel transplantation group and sham operated group (P < 0.05). The results show that neural stem cels could be transplanted into the rats with vascular dementia, and the cels could survive and migrate in the brain of rats and significantly improve the learning and memory ability. This mechanism may be related to the differentiation and growth of cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus.

Case fatality rate in patients with pneumoconiosis in China: a meta-analysis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the fatality rate of pneumoconiosis as well as the contributory factors in China in order to provide a foundation for prolonging the patients' lives.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Databases were searched to collect observational studies published between Jan, 2000 and Oct, 2013 on pneumoconiosis case fatality rate. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed systematically, and analyzed by using Stata/SE 12.0, according to stage and type of pneumoconiosis and whether complicated with tuberculosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>41 papers were included for meta-analysis. The pooled total case fatality rate of pneumoconiosis was 31.2%. The pooled case fatality rate of pneumoconiosis patients of stage 1, 2 and 3 were 25.4%, 39.8%and 57.5%, respectively. The pooled case fatality rate of patients with silicosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, foundry worker's pneumoconiosis, asbestosis and cement pneumoconiosis were 35.8%, 32.4%, 24.7%, 35.1%and 5.5%, respectively. The complication with tuberculosis was a risk factor for the death of pneumoconiosis patients and the pooled RR was 1.82 (95%CI: 1.59∼2.08).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are significant differences in the case fatality rate of pneumoconiosis among different stages and different types of pneumoconiosis and whether complicated with tuberculosis.</p>

Preparation of the mixed serum calibrators for C-reactive protein / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To prepare serum calibrators for CRP measurement.Methods Fresh serum without infectious diseases , hemolysis, lipemia and choloplania were collected and divided into 3 groups, low, medium, and high, according to the CRP concentration.Each serum pool was mixed , filtered, sterilized and aliquoted.The materials were tested for homogeneity and stability.The values of the CRP was assigned by particle enhanced immunonephelpmetry , and calibrated with international reference materials.The expanded uncertainty was evaluated.Results The materials were tested to be homogeneous (Ubb﹤Ur, P>0.05) with Ubb values being 0, 0.125, 0, Ur values being 0.046, 0.213, 0.785, and F values being 0.803, 1.686, 0.966 in CL, CM, CH groups respectively.Stability study, where F values are 0.609, 0.259, and 1.557 at 22-25℃, 1.217, 4.583, and 0.893 at 2-8℃(P>0.05), showed that the materials were stable for at least 3 days at 22-25 ℃or 30 days at 2-8 ℃, respectively.The certified values of the 3 levels materials for CRP were ( 2.64 ±0.14 ) , ( 31.17 ±0.63 ) , ( 73.85 ±1.74 ) mg/L, respectively.Conclusion The calibrators prepared for serum CRP measurement were homogeneous , stable and accurately assigned and can be used to calibrate the CRP measure system.

Relationship between pathological features and 64-MSCT findings of pulmonary nodules in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the relationship between the pathological features and 64-multislice spiral computed tomography (64-MSCT) findings of pulmonary nodules in autopsies from patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), to investigate the optimal imaging method for the distribution of pulmonary nodules, and to provide data for the establishment of CT diagnostic criteria for CWP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cadaveric lung specimens were collected from 7 CWP patients. All of them were men, aged 42∼77 years (mean, 60.00±13.00 years), and their dust exposure time was 5∼30 years (mean, 15.4±8.01 years). The cadaveric lung specimens were treated by aeration, sectioning, and immobilization and were then examined by coronary 64-MSCT. The primitive images were reconstructed into the maximumintensity projection (MIP) images (slice thickness: 3 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm). The sensitivities of imaging methods with different slice thickness were evaluated based on the pathology and anatomy of local pulmonary nodules, and the correlation between pathological results and radiological findings was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences between the stages determined by pathological examination and high-kV chest radiography (before death) (χ(2) = 4.667, P < 0.05; kappa value = 0.167, P < 0.05). A total of 271 nodules were found in all pathological sections, including peribronchovascular nodules (27, 9.9%), centrilobular nodules (67, 24.6%), interlobular nodules (65, 24.3%), nodules within 5 mm from the pleura (45, 16.5%), pleural plaque-like nodules on the lateral chest wall (45, 16.5%), and nodules on the interlobar pleura (22, 8.1%). The likelihood ratio was the highest (0.981) between 5-mm MIP images and pathological results according to the chi-square test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The stage of pulmonary nodules determined by pathological examination is significantly different from that determined by high-kV chest radiography. The 5-mm MIP images of 64-MSCT provide a good reflection of the local pathology and anatomy of pulmonary nodules in CWP patients.</p>

Effect of lidocaine gelatin fiber on analgesia and hemostasis after endoscopic sinus surgery / 中国基层医药

Objeetive To explore the analgesic and hemostatic effect of lidocaine gelatin fiber used after endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods 86 patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery were randomly divided into A and B groups.In A group,20％ lidocaine gelatin fiber and expansion hemostatic sponge was packed into 43 patients' nasalcavity,while in B group,only expansion hemostatic sponge was packed.Nasal bleeding in patients while packed material within 24 hours and when extracted the material were observed.The analgesic effects were evaluated after packing material 1,6,12,and 24 hours after surgery.Results In A group,the amount of bleeding was (16.30 ± 5.19)ml,while the amount was(32.30 ± 12.09) ml in group B.Statistical analysis showed significant difference(t =7.97,P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in nasal bleeding when extracted the stuffing and in analgesic efficiency 1hour after surgery.But the analgesic efficiency of lidocaine gelatin fiber was 20％,which was better than expansion hemostatic sponge 6 ～24 hours after surgery (t =27.163,29.091,16.241,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Lidocaine gelatin fiber not only had better hemostasis,but also had better analgesia than expansion hemostatic sponge after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are involved in tissue repair of A549 lung adenocarcinoma / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Tumor has been considered as a specific nonhealing trauma. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s participate in tumor mesenchymal reconstitution by tumor tissue homing and differentiation into mesenchyme, resulting in changing tumor microenvironment and affecting tumor growth and transfer. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanisms of participation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in tumor tissue repair in an A549 lung cancer-bearing mouse model. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were isolated in vitro, cultured, and identified using flow cytometry, and then used to establish a mouse model of A549 lung cancer-bearing. In the experimental group, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were injected into tissue surrounding the tumor. In the control group, an equal volume of PBS was injected. Animal survival condition and tumor size were compared. At 4 weeks, the specimens were harvested. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to compare tumor tissue. Masson staining was utilized to compare col agen fiber content. Reverse transcription-PCR was employed to detect the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of fibroblast specific protein and fibroblast activation protein to reflect the degree of interstitial fibers in tumor tissue in both groups. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-6 and tenescin-C were compared between the two groups using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s promoted tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. The growth rate of tumor tissue in experimental group was faster than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group,α-smooth muscle actin mRNA expression was significantly higher in the experimental group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of tumor angiogenesis factors markers (fibroblast specific protein and fibroblast activation protein) in tumor tissue of experimental group. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-6 and tenescin-C were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). Results indicated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s differentiated into fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment, participated in the formation and construction of tumor stroma as wel as promoted the growth and repair of tumor via the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-6 and tenescin-C.

Synergy effects of octreotide combined with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil on inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate whether octreotide,as somatostatin analogue,can enhance the sensitivity of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 to chemotherapeutic drugs.Methods Different concentration of octretide,cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) was respectively acted on the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.The absorbance value was tested by colorimetry through MTT method to evaluate the effect of octreotide,cisplatin,5-Fu or the three drugs combined respectively after 48 hours.Each drug concentration had six holes and it repeated three times.The effects of combination therapy was analysed with isobologram.Results It was proved that octreotide could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration range of 1.3 mg/L ～ 166.7 mg/L.The inhibition rate was dose-dependent which was higher when octreotide combined with cisplatin and 5-Fu than it alone.It has statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).The effect plots of IC50 were located in the synergy areas of isobologram.Conclusion It can be concluded that octreotide could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells in vitro.This inhibition enhances when octreotide is combined with cisplatin and 5-Fu.Octreotide can enhance the susceptibility of A549 cells to cisplatin and 5-Fu.

Dynamic evaluation of an osteoporosis rabbit model induced by ovariectomy and glucocorticoid with MR spectroscopy and micro-CT / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

ObjectiveTo dynamically assess the regular pattern of both bone quantity and bone quality by means of MR spectroscopey and Micro-CT scanning in an osteoporosis rabbit model induced by ovariectomy and glucocorticoid, so as to explore the advantage of combining MRS with Micro-CT. MethodsSixty 8-month-old,mature female New Zealand white rabbits were allocated into three groups. Group B ( n =20 ) underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX)and Group C (n =20 )underwent OVX combining with daily i. m.injections of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPS). Group A ( n =20 ) were used as sham controls. Bone marrow fat fraction (FF) and bone microstructure parameters were detected by MR spectroscopy and Micro-CT scanning at 2,4,8, and 10 weeks ( 5 rabbits at each time point every group) after operation in three groups. ResultsLumber spine bone marrow FF in Group C was significantly increased over the time course of osteoporosis development with significant difference between Group C and Group A at 4,8,and 10 weeks after operation( all P＜0. 01 ). Bone mineral density(BMD) in Group C at 8 and 10 weeks after OVX was significantly decreased compared with Group A ( P＜0. 0l ). A moderately significant negative correlation between marrow fat content and bone microstructure parameters such as BMD, bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, connectivity density, and trabecular plate number was found, while FF was positively correlated with structure model index and trabecular spacing( all P＜0. 01 ). ConclusionsMRS and MicroCT scanning noninvasively evaluate the bone marrow changes of osteoporosis in the field of pathophysiology and microstructure. Combination of both modalities seems to be valuable in the early, comprehensive assessment of bone quality and bone mass in osteoporosis.

Flow-injection-enhanced chemiluminescence method for the determination of three β-blockers / 药物分析学报

Objective To develop a rapid, simple and sensitive chemiluminescence method for the determination of three β-blockers (bisoprolol, atenolol and propranolol). Methods The chemiluminescence of cerium (Ⅳ)-sulfite system was obviously sensitized by adding anyone of three β-blockers in acid media. A new chemiluminescence method was set up by combining with flow-injection technique and used to determine the three β-blockers. Results Good linear ranges were obtained at the concentrations of 2.0×10-7g/mL-4.0×10-5g/mL, 1.0×10-7g/mL-3.0×10-5g/mL and 7.0×10-7g/mL-1.0×10-5g/mL, respectively, with the detection limits of 5.0×10-8g/mL, 7.0×10-8g/mL and 5.0×10-8g/mL (S/N=3), respectively, and the relative standard deviations for 11 times consecutive injections of 1.0×10-6g/mL bisoprolol, atenolol and propranolol were 3.57%, 2.21% and 2.26%, respectively. Conclusion The developed method is sensitive, accurate, rapid and of low cost. And it can be applied to determine bisoprolol, atenolol and propranolol in pharmaceutical preparations.

Influence of growth factors and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on lung revascularization and restoration of smoking-induced emophysematous model in rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Preliminary study has proved that the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a rat emphysema model produced by use of trypsin alone can "homing" to the lesioned lung tissues, and participate in the formation of pulmonary arteries to promote lung tissue repair. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play equally a powerful role in promoting angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of bFGF, VEGF and MSCs in regeneration of pulmonary capillary and pathological repair of pulmonary emphysema rats. METHODS: Except normal control group, the remaining 5 groups of rats were exposed to tobacco smoke and received a single intratracheally instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase to induce emphysema models. Following successful modeling, rats of bFGF group were intratracheally injected with 400 U bFGF and rats of VEGF group with 2 μg VEGF, once a week for three times. MSCs group was injected 1 mL suspension of 4×10~9/L MSCs into tail vein. MSCs+VEGF group was injected MSCs into tail vein and intratracheally injected VEGF (2 ug, three times) at the same time. Model control and normal control groups were intratracheally injected with equal volume of sodium chloride. Four weeks after treatment, arterial blood gas analysis was performed to observe pathological and morphological changes of lung tissues. CD34~+ expression in lung tissues was determined using immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with model control group, PaO_2 values dramatically increased in VEGF group (P <0.05), while other indices remained unchanged (P > 0.05); there were no obvious changes in each index in other groups (P >0.05). Gross and microscopic observations showed that, lung was smooth, pale pink, and elastic in normal control group, with uniform size of pulmonary alveoli on cross-section; pathological changes of chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema existed in model control group, but improved in other 4 groups. Compared with model control group, mean pulmonary alveoli number and CD34~+ relative positive area dramatically increased in bFGF, VEGF, MSCs, MSCs+VEGF groups (P < 0.05), mean linear intercept and mean alveoli area were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in each index among these 4 groups (P > 0.05). bFGF, VEGF and MSCs could improved the pathology of pulmonary emphysema models produced by tobacco smoking and intratracheally instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase. The possible mechanism of recovering the pulmonary emphysema is the proliferation of pulmonary capillary and enlargement of pulmonary artery, improved blood flow in the lung, improved ventilation/perfusion shunt, reduced pulmonary alveolus size and volume of the lung through self-compensation.

Oriented migration of intravenously administrated mesenchymal stem cells transfected with adenovirus vector mediated green fluorescence protein in the lung tissues of pulmonary emphysema rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Recently,application of stem cells and growth factor to promoting lung regeneration in repair of emphysema lesion has been a hot focus in study.Thus,it is worth to pay attention on whether stem cells carrying relevant foreign growth factor gene can repair emphysema lesion.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effidency of adenovirus vector mediated green fluorescence protein(Ad-GFP)transfecting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and its effect on the cell proliferation,to explore oriented migration of intravenously administrated BMSCs transfected with Ad-GFP in the lung tissues of pulmonary emphysema rats.METHODS:MSCs were separated and purified from the bone marrow of rats by density gradient centrifugation and by adherence.At different multiplicity of infection(MOI),transfection efficiency was observed by laser confocal microscopy.At 48 hours of transfection,MTT method was used to evaluate the proliferation of MSCs.A total of 16 Wistar rats were randomly divided into emphysema model group and control group(n=8).Model rats were established by exposure to cigarette smoke.MSCs,transfected with Ad-GFP,were grafted into the body of rats via tail vein.Lungs derived at 24 hours after implantation,and frozen sections were made.Migration and survival of MSCs in the lung tissues were observed by fluorescence microscopy.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:MSCs from Wistar rats were successfully cultured,grew well and infected by Ad-GFP.The highest transfection effincincy(88.42 %)could be achieved at MOI of 200.Green fluorescent protein labeling had little effect on proliferation of MSCs by different MOI(P＞0.05).At 24 hours posttransplantation,the green fluorescence-positive tissue was Found in the lung tissues of emphysema model group and control group.Compared with control group,the expression of GFP in lung tissues was higher in emphysema model group(P＜0.05).These suggested that introduction of target gene cannot affect proliferation and homing property of BMSCs.

Coronal MPR of 64-slice spiral CT in investigation of the cause of bowel obstruction / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To assess the value of coronal MPR of 64-slice spiral CT in investigation of the cause of bowel obstruction. Methods Thirty-eight patients with different kinds of bowel obstruction underwent 64-slice spiral CT examination, and the data of axial and coronal image were reconstructed. Then the images were analyzed respectively by 4 readers in group A and B. Doctors in one group viewed the axial images first, then the coronal images, while in the other group viewed the coronal images first and then the axial images. The CT findings were compared with the surgical and pathologic results. Results The accuracy of coronal MPR of 64-slice spiral CT for investigating the cause of bowel obstruction was similar to that of axial MPR (86.84% vs 89.47%), and both had high accuracy. Diagnostic accuracy and confidence of doctors were improved obviously with the combination of axial images and coronal images (both 94.73%). Conclusion Coronal MPR of 64-slice spiral CT has very high clinical application value for diagnosing bowel obstruction. Diagnostic accuracy and doctors' confidence are improved with the help of axial images.

Changes in arterial blood gas and pulmonary pathology of experimental pulmonary emphysema following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Pathological changes of pulmonary emphysema are not reversible according to the existent pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. Research over many years report that injury of pulmonary blood capillary may take part in new pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema based on lung volume reduction operation and bronchial lumen occlusion. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multi-directional differentiation potencies, such as the differentiation into vascular endothelial cells. Therefore, MSCs may promote pulmonary vascularization and repair pulmonary tissue.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of MSCs transplantation on pathological changes of arterial blood gas and pulmonary tissue in model rats with pulmonary emphysema, and investigate the therapeutic effects on MSCs on pulmonary emphysema and the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.MATERIALS: Thirty healthy Wistar rats, 6 weeks old, of either gender, weighing 180-200 g. They were provided by Physiological Experiment Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University. All rats were randomly divided into MSCs treatment group, model group and control group with 10 rats each.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Physiological Laboratory of Shanxi Medical University from April 2005 to April 2006. Rats in the MSCs treatment group and in the model group were anesthetized and intratracheally perfused with 250 U/kg Porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to establish pulmonary emphysema models; while, rats in the control group were perfused with saline. The models were successfully established 4 weeks later. All rats were anesthetized and then femur and tibia were obtained to separate and culture MSCs in vitro. Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD71 in order to evaluate MSCs. Bromium azacytidine-labeled MSCs were inserted along caudal vein into rats in the MSCs treatment group; while, rats in the model group and control group were inserted with the same volume of PBS solution.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes of arterial blood gas in the three groups; ② Pulmonary tissue was used for pathological sections in order to calculate mean alveolar number, mean alveolar area and mean linear intercept; ③Immunocytochemical staining was used to measure numbers of CD34+ cells so as to determine proliferation of alveolar blood capillary.RESULTS: Three rats in all died during the model establishment, while another 3 rats were supplied. Therefore, an overall number of 30 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Culture and evaluation of MSCs: At 3 days after inoculation, MSCs were generally adherent to walls and fusiformly shaped. In the third generation, the expression of CD71 was observed on the surface of MSCs.② Comparisons of arterial blood gas in the three groups: There were no significant differences in pH value, PO2, PCO2 and SaO2 in the three groups (P ＞ 0.05). ③ Pathological changes of pulmonary tissue: Pathological changes in the MSCs treatment group were milder than those in the model group;meanwhile, mean alveolar number in the MSCs treatment group was more than that in the model group, and there was significant difference between them (F=80.201, P＜ 0.05). While mean alveolar area and mean linear intercept in the MSCs treatment group were smaller than those in the model group, and there were significant differences (F =26.755,26.875, P ＜ 0.05). ④ Comparisons of CD34+ expression in pulmonary tissue: Relative positive area of CD34+ in the MSCs treatment group and model group was smaller than that in the control group (F =20.411, P ＜ 0.05), but that in the MSCs treatment group was larger than that in the model group, and there was significant difference between them (F=20.411, P＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: MSCs can reverse the pathological changes of pulmonary emphysema; on the other hand, the decrease of the number of pulmonary capillary maybe one of the important pathogeneses of pulmonary emphysema.

Treatment of malignant serosal effusion through injecting donor lymphocytes into serosal cavity / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and side effects of malignant serosal effusion through injecting donor lymphocytes into serosal cavity once for all.Methods First,the serosal effusion was drained thoroughly,then donor lymphocytes were injected into pleural cavity once for all.Results Nine cases of malignant serosal effusion were treated;significant effectiveness included five cases,partial effectiveness four cases.The effect rate was 100 %.The main side effects were fever and chest pain.Conclusion Treatment of malignant serosal effusion through injecting donor lymphocytes into serosal cavity once for all has definite effectiveness,with acceptable side effects.